Glossary of terms
Terms used in designing and checking water, sewer and gas networks — manholes, elevations, slopes, chainage, crossings and longitudinal profiles.
Sewer manhole
A sewer manhole is a structure placed along a sewer line to connect sections, change direction, slope or diameter, and p…
Chamber
A chamber is an enlarged network structure, larger than a typical manhole, used where space is needed for valves, fittin…
Drop structure
A drop structure is used in a manhole when the incoming sewer invert is much higher than the outgoing invert and a direc…
Chainage
Chainage is a way of marking distance along the route axis, measured cumulatively from the start point. It is usually wr…
Elevation
Elevation is the height of a point relative to an adopted vertical datum, usually expressed in metres. In a longitudinal…
Sewer slope
Sewer slope is the inclination of the channel invert in the direction of flow, usually expressed in per mille (‰) or as…
Service connection
A service connection is the section that links a main pipe or sewer to a customer's internal installation, such as a bui…
Utility crossing
A utility crossing is a point where the designed route intersects another underground utility such as a water main, gas…
PL-2000 offset
PL-2000 is the Polish plane coordinate system in which northing coordinates may reach values of several million metres.…
Longitudinal profile
A longitudinal profile is a drawing that shows a network route in section along its axis: chainage horizontally and elev…
Route
A route is the planned course of a network in plan view: a sequence of points and sections from the start to the end of…
Hectometre
A hectometre is a distance unit equal to 100 metres and is used in station notation. The format a+bbb.bb means full hund…
Invert level
The invert level is the elevation of the lowest inside surface of a pipe or channel at a given point, given in metres re…
Ground level
Ground level is the elevation of the ground surface at a point along the route, given in metres relative to the vertical…
Pipe reach
A pipe reach (German Haltung) is the run of pipe between two adjacent manholes — the basic unit for which length, slope,…
Vertical exaggeration
Vertical exaggeration is the deliberate use of different horizontal and vertical scales on a longitudinal profile — the…
ISYBAU
ISYBAU (Integriertes DV-System Bauwesen) is the German data exchange standard for sewer networks, developed by the feder…
Title/data band
The data band (German Schriftband or Datenband) is the table placed below the graphical part of a longitudinal profile,…